Beschreibung:

Lot of 2 cabinet cards of Kiowa man Lone Wolf and his mother. William E. Irwin: Chickasha, Indian Territory, n.d., ca 1890. Both with Irwin imprint to recto and contemporary pencil inscriptions to versos, comprising: Cabinet card studio portrait of a man mid-dance, identified as Lone Wolf wearing a feathered bonnet and holding a tomahawk. Pencil inscription reads: "Lone Wolf / dancing the war / dance Kiowa Indian." Cabinet card outdoor portrait of an elderly woman, identified as Lone Wolf's mother. She is seated on a pictorial blanket, a striped blanket wrapped around her shoulders. Pencil inscription reads: "Kiowa Indian / Lone Wolf's mother." Lone Wolf's mother is identified as Audle-ko-ety (Big Black Hair) in the 1881 Kiowa Tribal Census. Lone Wolf the Younger (Mamay-day-te, ca 1843-1923) was from an influential Kiowa family in the western part of the Kiowa Comanche Apache Reservation. Lone Wolf and his followers were known as the "Implacables" thanks to their strong opposition of Federal interference, vehemently opposing Christianization and assimilation policies, especially opposed to the Dawes Act enacted in 1887. Notably, Lone Wolf was the plaintiff in the Supreme Court case Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock. In the case, Lone Wolf charged that the tribes under the Medicine Lodge Treaty had been defrauded of land by Congressional actions in violation of the treaty. The Court decided in a unanimous opinion, that the United States Congress's "plenary power" allowed them the authority to unilaterally abrogate treaty obligations between the United States and Native American tribes.